booklet n° 15

 

All discussion of ideas is in reality a discussion of terms and vice versa. If this statement is well founded, it is important that world citizens bring themselves into full agreement over the world which they employ in order to clarify a thought, still so novel that neologisms have appeared naturally in this sphere. Some of these like "mundialism", "transnational" and "planning" are beginning to enter en spoken language ; others will surely enter on day.

Let it be observed that certain authors twist the sense of the terms that they borrows from the mundialists in order to emasculate and empty them of meaning which is an effective way of. Nullifying the results obtained and of hindering our progress. In order to prevent this confusion, the team of editors whished to make a contribution to the definition of certain terms used by the mundialists, which are essential tools in the construction of a rationally ordered world. The examples of the use of terms or sayings chosen have been given in order to make known the present opinion of mundialists or to pose questions designed to compel reflection by readers of all opinions upon the questions raised.

ANATIONALISM

"A political conception which posits the disappearance of nationalism."

The manifesto of the anationalists issued in 1931 by E.Lanti in Esperanto contains the germ of certain principal themes of world citizenship and presents certain differences from them, notably in its engagement in the planetary struggle of classes.

The French version of the manifesto has been re-issued in 1971 by Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (SAT, World Anational Association, 67 avenue Gambetta, 75020 Paris)

Example : the idea of nationalism has found support in the hears of a society seeking solution to the difficulties which are posed by the multiplicity of nations.

APPEAL OF THE 13

 (see "Declaration of the 13")

CHAUVINIST

 "Fanatical patriot" (of Nicholas Chauvin, a brave soldier of the Revolutionary, and Napoleonic armies, put on the stage by Th. And Hippolyte Cogniard in the "Tricolor Cockade" of 1831 (according to the Nouveau Larousse Universel) equivalent to the English word jingoist "Jingo - chauvinism : jingoism". More generally chauvinism is the attitude of an individual or of a collectivity which attributes to the group of which it is a parto of which it constitutes, all qualities, asserting them to be superior to all others.

Example : Chauvinism applies as much to the nation as to the small town. It is no less noxious even if it is applied to sporting activities, politics or philosophy.

COMMONWEALTH OF WORLD CITIZENS

"A group with among to of provide the world with an concrete example of unity, by the reunion in one people of citizens recruited in every country."

Example : The members of the Commonwealth of World Citizens undertake not to take part in any war. The republic possesses neither territory nor armed force. It has citizens in dozens of countries. It proposes :

• to help countries which are victims of either man-made or natural disasters,
• to constitute an agency able to offer its mediation to resolve international conflicts

 DENATIONALIZE

 "To bring about the loss of national character" (Universal Larousse). To empty the international institutions or organizations of their nationalist character" Do not confuse with the political and economic sense of : "to put an end to the nationalization of an enterprise."

Example : To denationalize the aid to under-developed countries.

ELECTED DELEGATE TO PEOPLES CONGRESS

 "Person designated during the transnational elections for this Congress."

Example : At each election two elected delegates to the Peoples Congress are added to the preceding ones.

ETHERUNO

"A plan presented formally to the Intentional Civil Aviation Organization in June 1956 and consisting an recognition by the states that the jurisdiction above their territory, formerly unlimited, would be transferred to I.C.A.O. (an UN specialized agency) above the altitude of ten kilometers."

Example : "Etheruno" is a functional (see this word) approach in the sense that it proposes to transfer certain world powers to an existing organization, within its present field of activity. This transfer would be desirable but insufficient, I.C.A.O. being still, like the U.N. for a long time responsible to the governments alone and not under the control of the citizens of the world by any democratic machinery.

 FUNCTIONALISM

 "The way of access to mundialism consists in banking, in order to form the embryos of world institutions, on the natural tendency of certain groups or persons to align themselves, by reason of their work, towards supra-national solutions : UNESCO, FAO, I.C.A.O., members of these organizations, etc."

Example : the evolution towards mundialism of numerous international civil servants, including those of the first rank such as Lord Boyr Orr, Trygve Lie, Josué de Castro, Michel Cepède, U Thant … seems to give credit the value of functionalism.

HOMELAND

"Country where one is born, of which one is a citizen. France is our homeland. To all wellborn hearts it is that the homeland is dear - verse of Voltaire (Tancrède III, 1). We recall it in order to express the love that inspires us for the place where we first saw the light of day. The homeland is everywhere that one fells well in, a thought often expressed in its Latin form - Ubi bene, ibi patria : we ought to prefer above all others the lands where one lives a safe life, protected (New Universal Larousse)" For many people today there is a contradiction between the first and last phrase of this passage.

Example : "Anaxagonas printed to the sky with the end of his finger when he was asked where was his homeland. Diogenes replied that he was a cosmopolitan of a citizen of the world to the same question." La Mote Le Voyer (1654) quoted by J.Dedisheim in "Les Patries.

 INTERNATIONAL

"Which are situated and take place between nations" (definition of the New Universal Larousse).

The International (the song), the Internationals (the movements). Internationalism (the doctrine) refer historically to a struggle of the working class which should have transcended frontiers, that is to say that it would have been transnational (v. this adjective). But the revolutionary forces have, until the present time, respected and even exalted national taboos. They group themselves by countries, only envisaging the seizure of power within the outmoded limits of the nation, without going beyond to the least degree of supranationality accepted by the capitalist countries and leaving themselves to be overborne by the power of the great multinational capitalist firms.

Example : The Organization of the UN is international. It presupposes the upholding of the absolute sovereignty of the nations-states just as the Charter (art. 2, #. 1) stipulates. The organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members".

MAXIMALIST

"The name given, at the start of the Russian revolution, to those socialists who wished to include the maximum claims in the program of the Russian Communist party (Bolshevik). Transposed into mundialist language : qualification applied to the ideas of those, or the name given to those, who envisage a complete world political regime endowed with extensive powers ; this regime being composed principally of a government and of one or more democratic assemblies having the function of controlling it."

Example : The projected "Borgese World Constitution" (see World government) is a maximalist tendency.

MINIMALIST

"The name given to the Russian communists who supported the idea that a minimum of claims in the program of the party would facilitate the changing of the regime (Menshevik). Transposed into the language of the mundialists : qualification applied to those, or name of those, who envisage only certain supranational world institutions in essential domains such as peace, food, individual and collective liberty, objective information preservation of wild life."

Example : Georges Friedmann has proposed a minimalist plan in a conference organized by the UNESCO Club of the Janson-de-Sailly Lycée"

MULTINATIONAL

"This adjective is especially used in the economic domain to describe enterprises included under the same denomination in parent-company and satellite firms in each different country. Most often the parent-company is based in the USA. These companies have the present form of "international trusts" and are differentiated in the degree that the satellite firms to the parent-company a more of less important degree of autonomy."

Example : The multinational enterprises take decisions which already have a transnational impact while governments and the "political" classes, who have sometimes authorized, if not favored, their establishment within their frontiers for socio-economic reasons, pretend at the same time to be defending national independence.

MUNDIALISM

"Doctrine which seeks to realize the political unity of the world considered as a single human community". We shall rather say that mundialism is the sum of the doctrines and of the acts resulting from the solidarity of the populations of the globe tending to establish one law and of the institutions which are common to them."

Example : The registration of World citizens is one method of mundialism. The world citizen is a mundialist, whilst the mundialist is not necessarily a world citizen, he may have chosen another means of working to try to obtain world unity. It appears that mundialism works on the political level in the noble sense of the term, whilst world citizenship would be rather a moral position, at one and the same time civic and strategic.

MUNDIALITY

"Generic term which relates to the whole world becoming an institutional, economic, social and political entity."

Example : "The mundialization of the communes and the approach of mundiality" is the title of a brochure distributed in 1959 following the experience of mundialization (s. this world) which has been followed from 1949.

MUNDIALIZATION

"Act by which a village, town, department, region, etc., symbolically declares itself World Territory, adopting the Charter of mundialization by a vote of the municipality or of at least 50 % of the electoral body. In the same way an enterprise, an university, an association, etc., can be recognized as a parto of the World Community to be organized, in voting for the Charter by an absolute majority."

Example : Pilot elections, all favorable, have been held, starting from 1949 in Denmark, in Germany, in Belgium, in Italy, in Indian and in Japan. In France the trial zone in the Midi has been extended to 11 departments. 239 communes of Lot, including Cahors, and more than half of the 353 communes of Gard, including Nîmes, have adopted the Mundialization Charter.

NATION

"A human group having a common origin and one language or interests held in common over a long period." Homogenous in antiquity, the nations of our day stem more often from diverse peoples. What distinguishes the modern nation is the community of sentiments which especially shows itself by the community of language or of religion. A nation does not necessarily constitute a state - the Jewish nation lived dispersed from the 1st century and the Polish nation, so full of vigor, had for long periods been politically divided between three states  

Example : However the omnipotent sovereign state continues, despite all professions to the contrary, to sacrifice the human personality. Western nations and those with a socialist regime have nothing to teach each other in this respect, for all subordinate the destiny of men to their own greater glory (J.Diedisheim, Les Patries)

NATIONALISM

 "Preference determined by whatever appertains to the nation to which one belongs." Political party which condemns the doctrines and the institutions whose basis is not the national tradition (as opposed to internationalism).

Example : Nationalism, racism, intolerance are the ills which still afflict humanity.

NATION-STATE

 "Present extent of the common evolution of the ideas of one's native land, of nation and of state, distorted by ceremonious apparatus which under the pretext of sovereignty puts even the existence of humanity in peril."

Example : (And) it will wish to hide the real point of weakness of the U.N. that lies in the deficiencies of its charter. That echoes the vices of the nation-state (J.Diedisheim, Les Patries)

NEPTUNO

 "A Proposal upheld from 1955 by 107 British M.Ps envisaging the transfer to the U.N. of the sovereignty of all the oceans beyond territorial waters."

Example : "Neptuno" would permit the regulation by an international (but not unhappily, a world) authority of the numerous problems which are posed, for example, by the direct of indirect exploitation of the oceans, the utilization of the waters for the stocking of nuclear bombs, pollution by radioactive waste or by oil, etc… questions which cannot at present be satisfactorily solved because of the unorganized state of the planet. Territorial waters, preserves of the nation state, whose limits are the source of so many conflict, would not be abolished …

NEUTRALISM

 "Politics of those who try to maintain their own country outside all ideological struggle or outside all present or foreseeable wars." This doctrine has been popular, during the fifties, among men and states who are situated politically and or geographically between the two great power blocs.

Example : Neutralism is still thought of in our days as being favorable to the regulation of certain local difficulties as a condition of maintaining a balance however precarious and unstable, between the opposing groups.

PACIFISM

 "Doctrine of the supporters of peace between states"

Example : In spite of unremitting activity and the best of intentions, the pacifists did not succeed in preventing the last world war. It seems that the mundialists may have a better chance of contributing to an avoidance of a new planetary conflict, for not only do they wish for peace but, more, they struggle to obtain the conditions for it and, primarily, a supranational power of arbitration to regulate the antagonisms between governments.

PATRIOTISM

 "Love of country"

Example : the time has come for all the nations of the world to replace national patriotism by a loyalty towards the whole of humanity, to abandon war for world law, and to employ the resources of the world and the products of human labor for the benefit of all people wherever they may be (Linus Pauling)

PEOPLES ASSEMBLY

 "Assembly elected by the people of the world. The expression is sometimes employed in opposition to an assembly of the states or of governments which would be identical to the present General Assembly of U.N." (See World Parliament)

Example : Ought the Peoples" Assembly not rather to be called the World Peoples' Assembly to mark distinctively the effective unity of the Earth ?

PEOPLES CONGRESS

 "Plan for a transitional world institution permanently. It will be formed by delegates elected by the World Citizens and by the members of mundialist and pacifist organizations and by the inhabitants of mundialist communities, with the ultimate effect of giving birth to a democratic world regime."

Example : As it becomes larger, the Peoples Congress will become more and more representative and will constitute, as opposed to the nations-states a tribune for people and groups who have demonstrated their wish to serve humanity.

PEOPLES CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

 "Assembly formed by direct representation of the peoples of the World, democratically elected. The P.C.A. will draw up a world constitution and, whilst awaiting its approval by the people of the world, will undertake whatever urgent action is practical for the survival of humanity and to ensure the rights of man."

Example : the Peoples Constituent Assembly having been recognized as too ambitious as a short-term objective, the Peoples Congress has been proposed as an indispensable preliminary step.

PLANETARY CITIZENSHIP

 "see : World citizenship and Planetization

PLANETIZATION

"Still a new word, which appeared for the first time, it seems, from the pen of Père Teilhard de Chardin ("Human Planetization" - limited printing 1947). Further used in several works by M. Louis Armand who put the accent upon the tendency to universal planetary universalism that it was convenient to adopt in order to resolve mos of the big problems which present themselves in our time.  

Example : In our vocabulary the word Planetization ought to replace mundialization, for it marks the difference between the Earth, to be planetized, and the rest of the universe, a field of economic and political activity, which mankind can now mundialized.

REGISTRATION

"Enrolment on the International Registry of World Citizens by all persons who have filled in and signed the registration form ; leads to the issue of a world citizen identity card and enrolment on the Register, embryo of a future world civil state." This obliges the registrant to recognize his responsibilities as member of the world community and he thereby acquires the right to vote for a direct representation in a Peoples Constituent Assembly, and thereafter, to the Peoples Congress.

Example : Example :

REGISTRY OF WORLD CITIZENS

"The Registry of World Citizens is a world service of technical character which has the duty of issuing the World Citizens identity card directly, thought its International Center, or indirectly though its national, local or specialized centers, to all persons who make a request for it and sign the declaration of registration."

Example : The International Registry of World Citizens was created in 1949 with the collaboration of Garry Davis and members of his supporting committee in order that the men and women <ho recognize themselves as citizens of the world could be counted.

SOVEREIGNTY

 "Supreme authority : the sovereignty of the nation". National sovereignty is in fact the taboo which paralyses all enterprise to eradicate the great scourges which imperil the world of today and even life itself on the planet : over-kill armaments, famine, pollution, drugs, epidemics, etc. In the minds of the ultra-nationalists to limit it is in fact to kill it. Then let's says - restrict the rights or the powers or the responsibilities of the states in particular areas. Will a trick of language help things to progress ?

Example : It is .. to the refusal of any superior restraint that one reserves the name of sovereignty, supreme and precious criterion of the Nation-State (J.Didiesheim)

STATE

 "Human group sited upon a determined territory, submitting to the same authority and being considered as having a moral personality" (Definition of the "Petit Robert")

"Extent of country submitting to a single political sovereign" (definition of the "Littré")

The state must not be confused with the nation. In fact the state is a community organized in a permanent fashion on a given territory, independently of the origin of those under its jurisdiction. A state can therefore include several nations (thus the former Austro-Hungary or Czechoslovakia) : a nation can, on the other hand, be divided up among several states (as the Polish nation was for a long time split up between Russia, Prussia and Austria (Commentaries of the Nouveau Larousse Universel)

Example : the members of the UN will be states, that is say they will be the least impartial and the most self-interested in all the world : Charles de Gaulle (in Mémoires de Guerre)

TERRUNO

"Thesis which, after the fashion of Neptuno and Etheruno, reserved to an agency of the UN, the development and exploitation of the resources of territories abandoned by the nations - polar regions, uninhabited islands, and various unproductive deserts."  

Example : Terruno, suffers, by its origin, the same defects as Eteruno and Neptuno, but holds the same hopes as them, in that it could evolve to assure the planning and the use of all the mineral riches and primary energy sources.

TRANSNATIONAL

 "The mundialists employ, and the press is beginning to use, this adjective to describe the acts, the facts, the thoughts, of a strategy which, without infringing national sovereignties, substitutes for them in non-traditional areas or in those which escape their control. This situation gives to private or semi-public groups which take such initiatives, excessive powers of international law. It will therefore be a desirable that the inevitable political consequently of their nations should be susceptible of control by world institutions drawing their support from the people of the world who will have elected them."

Example : the first election to the Peoples Congress has been transnational because the electoral body was composed of World Citizens living in more than 80 different countries who elected Josué de Castro and Jeanne Haslé (then their deputies Renée Marchand and Enrico Dacco). During the second election which has the same character those elected were : : Mrs. Rajan Nehru and Jacques Muhlethaler, and at the third election : Marc Garcet and Andrée Gaymard-Rollet and four : Lucile Green and Max Habicht.

TRANSNATIONAL ELECTIONS

 "Elections organized without taking account of national frontiers."

Example : Transnational elections are a tangible sin of a community which transcends the limits of the nation-states.

UNITED NATIONS

 "Created in 1945 with the principal aim of safeguarding peace. Unfortunately it lacks the authority and powers of its own permit it to fulfill this task and its powerlessness in this respect has been frequently demonstrated." Without bothering themselves about the contradiction, the fiercest nationalists do not fail, when their own interests are at stake, to criticize this powerlessness, at the same time that they refuse the means which would permit it to be remedied. However, it is not the peoples in whose name the Charter has been issued who are represented at the UN but only the nation-states. One needs to knew if the United Nations under whose auspices, the representatives of antagonists or eventual belligerents meet, ir or is not preferable to the complete absence of international organization. Does it merely constitute one of the alibis particularly fancied by governments, of which the perpetual Geneva disarmament conferences are a better example ?

Even when open to all countries the UN no less remains the closed shop for competition between states.

Example : UN Charter reform is one means of action proposed by certain mundialists. But is it necessary then to believe that governments have been given a definite mandate by their electors to defend national positions narrowly and by all possible means ? Even the trifling limitations to sovereignty needed and indispensable for a reform of the UN in a mundialist direction, would be considered as treason. How can we home that statesmen are going to sacrifice themselves in a new Night of 4 August without being forced to it by popular action ?

WORLD CITIZEN (Citizen of the World)

 "An inhabitant of the planet who has recognized his world citizenship." (see below)

Example :the text "Why be a world citizen ?" published separately and in the booklet n° 1 of the same series as this one : "Basic texts of mundialism", gives essential definitions.

WORLD CITIZENS PACT

 "It constitutes the Charter agreed upon by all World citizens Under this title it is printed in the world citizen card issued by the national or local centers" It is the Pact of human beings as opposed to the Pacts of the States.

Example : the world citizens Pact has been drawn up the "Center of Research and mundialist opinion" and accepted by the International Registry of World Citizens.? It was made public on 14 April 1949.

WORLD CITIZENSHIP

 "The recognition by a man of his world citizenship is the moral consciousness of his new civic responsibilities towards humanity in course of unification."

The request for enrolment as a world citizen upon the international Registry, participation in elections of delegates to the Peoples Congress and the claims of a constituent World Assembly are the outward signs which allow all human beings to adopt really common attitudes.

Example : By reason of the extreme diversity of those to whom world citizenship appeals, it presents none of the characteristics of a party nor of a movement. On the contrary, world citizens belong naturally to the parties and movements of their own choice (see Registration).

WORLD CIVISM

 "Ability of the citizen to perform his obligations and to have his rights respected in order to permit the democratic functioning of the future world institution."

Example : Why should putting world civic responsibility into practice have to await the complete unity of the planet.

WORLD CIVIL REGISTRY

 "identification of all the world's inhabitants who are enrolled upon world registers".

Example : the world civil registry will have to be one of the first world institutions.

WORLD COMMUNITY

 "The emerging or embryonic community which exists within the world society as in the degree to which the world's people recognize their utter inter-dependence in a shrinking world."

Example : No one can doubt that world society has existed.

WORLD CONSTITUTION

 "Fundamental law of the world society"

Example: Will the world constitution have to be written or on the contrary ought it to be the result of custom and evolution ?

WORLD CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

 "Assembly to prepare a constitution for the world but one <whose composition has not been defined."

Example: The criteria for a World Constituent Assembly recognized by everyone remain to be determined.

WORLD CONVENTION

 "Open world assembly, in the tradition of Anglo-Saxon institutions"

Example: The mundialists of the 20th century used the names current during the French Revolution of 1789. Peoples Constituent Assembly, World convention, World declaration of the rights of a man and of the citizen, etc. Their practice is apparent on more than one point, but on a world scale, as that of the philosophers of 1789.

That is why they demand that the International Declaration of the rights of Man be enlarged into a World Declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen, in order to indicate, as did its French predecessor, that man and woman can only have rights, and besides them duties, in respect of a unity which is yet to be created and actual, and not in respect of a conglomerate of nations without any unity.

WORLD DEMOCRACY

"Principle of world organization in which all power comes from the people."  

Example: Jacques Savary chose the title "World Democracy" for the bulletin which he edited and published from 1957 until his death in 1964.

WORLD DEPUTY

 "Person whom the inhabitants of the Earth have decided, by their vote, to entrust with a part of their power, in order to deal with world problems."

Example: In 1950 the three million inhabitants of Tennessee elected three world deputies : this initiative was not repeated by the other states.

WORLD FEDERALISM

 A principle of organization of human activities on a world scale ; this federalism possesses three characteristics :

a) each federal authority is given the rights and powers effective and necessary for the exercise of its functions attributed and under its direct responsibility, the decision-making centers being set up in such a way that all the choices can be effectively made by the persons concerned ;

b) the autonomy of all federal organs at all levels, territorial or other, that is to say, towns, regions, states, continental groupings and thereafter national enterprises, multinational firms, linguistic or religious communities which delegate only a part of their authority to a greater community according to necessity and thus they escape all abuse through centralization of power ;

c) the upholding of individual and collective fundamental liberties and the search for an acceptance of maximum responsibility of citizens, workers, consumers, alone and in their basic groups.

Example: The member organizations of the World Association of World Federalists have in their program world integral federalism, as defined here on federalism solely at the level of states.

WORLD FEDERALIST

 "One who accepts the world federalist beliefs"

Example: The World Federalists of Canada

WORLD FEDERAL STATE

 "State established on a world scale on a basis of federal theory"

Example: It will be necessary to ensure that the world federal state does not reproduce at the world level certain defects of the national states : tendencies to centralism, authoritarianism, technocracy, bureaucracy, etc.

WORLD GOVERNEMENT

 "Central or federal executive power of the world community."

According to the type of world organization that would be installed by the elected assemblies, this expression "world government" can imply :

- either a body with bery extensive powers as, for example, in the project for a "world constitution" called the Borgese project, from the name of one of its eleven authors (Preface by Thomas Mann - Editions Nagel, 1949) whose installation would be necessarily a very long drawn-out affair ;

- or a minimal government reduced to w few "world institutions" having powers strictly limited to the fundamental areas which are, for example atomic energy, peace and disarmament, malnutrition, pollution. This objective can reasonably be described as medium-term, without loss of precision.

The "World government" understood in the first sense above, can seem, in truth, utopian, and even undesirable ; some think it dangerous particularly in the case that, breaking away from the democratic base, could take an authoritarian form. The world citizens prefer, in general, to employ the terms "world institutions" which better corresponds to their thinking.

Example: A world governement : la geocratie" title of a paragraph of "Le Sens de l'Histoire" by Louis Quesnel (Buchet-Chastel, 1967)

WORLD INSTITUTIONS

 "Supranational bodies whose powers would be limited to certain fundamental areas : the atom, food, peace, pollution, rampant overpopulation, a freer flow of information, under-development…"

Example: A group of mundialists edited and published between 1954 and 1961 a magazine called "Towards World Institutions".

WORLD LAW

 "Collection of the rules which govern and sanction the acts of human beings and human communities throughout the globe".

Example: The Association for World Law has the aim of enlisting the cooperation of lawyers, jurists and sociologies, and scholars of various disciplines who are convinced of the necessity of research into the common principles existing in the principal national codes of low, of favourizing y the rational development of a world law the reconciliation without exception of the Peoples and of civilizations and to thereby promoting a truly universal humanism.

WORLD PARLIAMENT

 "Assembly which, according to some mundialists, ought to be set up, alongside the House of States - the present General Assembly of the United Nations - as a chamber of the peoples elected by the direct suffrage of all the people of the world".

Example: Several plans for a World Parliament, often including the General Assembly of the United Nations, and another convention or assembly elected very indirectly, nominated or co-opted following a procedure more or less complex or artful, have failed because they are not based upon a direct democracy as is the Peoples Congress.

WORLD REPUBLIC

 "World state in which the people exercises sovereignty through their elected delegates."

Example: the Commonwealth of World Citizens in the prototype of a world republic.

WORLD RESCUE

 "Two groups of volunteers who devote to this mission a brief period of their life, either instead of, or in addition to, the national service of their country of origin."

According to its promoters they would be created by recognized non-governmental organizations and by convention with the United Nations. It would be directed by a council drawn from the leaders of these organizations. People and supplies at the disposal of the world Agency would be divided into six or seven action units based near to parts of the world most often threatened.

Example: there exist two organization : The World Rescue Corps, and th International Emergency Action. The General Assembly of the United Nations has approved a resolution and the Secretary-General M. Kurt Waldheim has named M. Faruk Berkol as responsible for the Office of Co-coordinator. Nevertheless, the UN has not yet recognized the right of initiative to intervene with aid which alone would give to the organization its true world dimension which is essential for its effectiveness.

WORLD SOCIETY

 "The complex of human communities which today inter-relate continuously and have ever-increasing political, economic, financial and social links with each other."